This refers to a group of progressive disorders where there is destruction of motor neurones (the nerves that control voluntary muscle activity such as speaking, walking, breathing, and swallowing.)  Symptoms include: gradual weakening, shrinking of muscles and uncontrollable twitching of the muscles.  Sensation, memory and personality are not affected.

The diagnosis is made with the history examination findings, nerve conduction studies and electomyography tests.  There are often other tests looking for other diseases to exclude before the diagnosis is confirmed.

There is no cure or treatment for MND. Physical therapy, occupational therapy, and rehabilitation improve posture, prevent joint immobility, and slow muscle weakness and wasting. There are some medicines used to treat particular symptoms. The course of disease varies depending on the type of MND and the age of onset but it is progressive. For more information see www.mndanz.org.nz