This refers to enlargement of the prostate gland. In BPH there may be difficulties in passing urine and poor flow as the enlarged prostate can cause a blockage. Patients with BPH also often notice an increased need to empty the bladder at night. Many men over 60 years of age have some BPH.

There are different treatment options available for people with BPH including the traditional Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP) or Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate (HoLEP), as well as more minimally invasive treatments such as iTind or Rezum.

NanoKnife is a focal therapy offering a localised, precise, and minimally invasive alternative to traditional prostate cancer surgery. It uses Irreversible Electroporation (IRE) technology to target and destroy specific areas of cancer in the prostate, ensuring maximal effectiveness with minimal collateral damage or side effects such as incontinence or erectile dysfunction.

This refers to stones in the urinary system. They form in the kidneys but can be found anywhere in the urinary system. They vary in size but can be very painful. Some of these stones can pass through without help but some require medical intervention. Laser lithotripsy is the most frequently used procedure for the treatment of kidney stones. The stones are broken down into very small particles and removed or are easily passed through the urinary tract in the urine.

This term means blood in the urine and may be the result of a UTI, bladder cancer, kidney issues or problems with your prostate.

The risk of developing bladder cancer is increased by smoking, long-term bladder problems and working in industrial occupations. Bladder tumours usually form in cells lining the bladder. Once a tumour begins to enlarge, it may stay in the lining or grow into the wall of the bladder. If untreated, the tumour may then spread to other structures such as lymph nodes. It may also spread to other areas of the body (metastasis).

Often the first symptom noticed is blood in the urine. If cancer is suspected, the next step is usually a flexible cytoscopy (a camera to allow the doctor to look inside the bladder) under local anaesthesia.  CT or ultrasound scans are also used to scan the body to see if the cancer has spread to other areas. Treatment depends on the size of the tumour and how much it has grown into the bladder wall.

Once the cancer is confirmed, the surgeon will often insert a cytoscope through the urethra under general anaesthesia, and cut out the tumour. If the tumour has grown more deeply into muscle, then the surgeon may need to remove the entire bladder (cystectomy). If the whole bladder is removed an artificial bladder will be created on the inside or a urostomy bag on the outside.

Prostate cancer is typically detected as a result of PSA testing, MRI scan, and biopsy. If detected early, the disease is often curable (rates of 90% or better) with standard treatments such as robotic prostatectomy or radiation, as well as newer treatments such as NanoKnife focal therapy. At this stage the cancer produces few or no symptoms.

If untreated and allowed to grow, the cells from these tumours can spread to other parts of the body in a process called metastasis. Once the cancer has spread beyond the prostate, cure rates drop dramatically. In most cases, prostate cancer is a relatively slow-growing cancer, which means that it typically takes a number of years for the disease to become detectable, and even longer to spread beyond the prostate. However, a small percentage of patients experience more aggressive forms of prostate cancer.

Treatment options for advanced prostate cancer include hormone treatment and chemotherapy. Which treatment is chosen depends on factors such as the stage of the cancer and the patient’s age, other health issues and willingness to undergo certain procedures or therapies – some of which may have side effects.

A UTI is caused by an infection in the urinary tract. Women get UTIs more often than men. UTIs are treated with antibiotics. Recurrent infections may need further investigation or treatment with other medications.

If the infection reaches the kidneys, it is called pyelonephritis.

Urinary incontinence or loss of bladder control is the involuntary passage of urine (passing urine without meaning to). There are many causes and types of incontinence, and many treatment options. Treatments range from simple exercises to surgery. Women are affected by urinary incontinence more often than men.

Urinary retention, or abnormal holding of urine in the bladder, is a common urological problem. Possible causes of acute urinary retention (sudden inability to urinate) include a blockage in the urinary system, stress or nerve problems. Chronic urinary retention (some urine is always left in the bladder after emptying) may be caused by bladder muscle failure, nerve damage, or obstructions in the urinary tract. Treatment for urinary retention depends on the cause.

This is the term used to describe inflammation of the prostate gland. Symptoms can include increased need to pass urine and pain on passing urine as well as perhaps lower back pain. Sometimes this inflammation is due to an infection and an antibiotic will be prescribed, otherwise pain relief medication may be prescribed.

Under local anaesthesia, a long, thin tube with a tiny camera attached (cystoscope) is inserted through the urethra (the tube that carries urine from your bladder to the outside of your body) to your bladder. This allows the urologist to view any abnormalities in your lower urinary tract and, if necessary, take a small tissue sample to look at under the microscope (biopsy).

Tumours within the kidney are often detected incidentally on imaging performed for other reasons. Other times they present with symptoms such as haematuria (blood in the urine) or pain. Often a laparoscopic nephrectomy is performed to remove the tumour using a minimally invasive key-hole technique (Laparoscopic Nephrectomy).

The foreskin (flap of skin that covers the tip of the penis) may be removed for cultural, religious, or medical reasons such as phimosis (tight foreskin).

Under general anaesthesia,a long, thin tube with a tiny camera attached (resectoscope) is inserted into the urethra and into the bladder. Instruments are passed through the resectoscope and the bladder tumour is removed.

Under general anaesthesia, a long, thin tube with a tiny camera attached (resectoscope) is inserted into the urinary opening of the penis and through the urethra (the tube that carries urine from your bladder to the outside of your body) to your bladder. The urologist is then able to view the prostate gland and, by passing an instrument through the resectoscope, is able to remove the part of the gland that has become enlarged. This opens up the prostate, creating a wide, open channel, allowing you to pass urine easily

Under general anaesthesia, a thin camera is inserted through the urethra, into the bladder and into the ureter (tube from the kidney to bladder) or kidney to treat kidney stones using a laser or basket.

A thin wire is inserted into your lower back and guided using x-ray imaging to your kidney. A small incision (cut) is then made on your back and a narrow tube is inserted and follows the guide wire to the kidney. The kidney stone(s) is then removed or broken up.

In the more common inguinal orchidectomy, an incision is made in the groin to remove a testicle that has a tumour, or is undescended from childhood.

Scrotal orchidectomy is sometimes performed for men with advanced prostate cancer to reduce the production of testosterone.

This is an operation for BPH, where a small tube is inserted into the urethra under general anaesthesia, and a laser is used to 'peel out' the prostate from the inside. The benign prostate tissue is then removed. This creates an open passage, allowing easy passage of urine. This procedure can be performed with either a Holmium laser (HoLEP) or Thulium Laser (ThuLEP).

Peyronie's Disease is caused by plaques on the penis. This causes a bend which may make sexual intercourse difficult. Penile plication surgery is sometimes used to correct the curvature.

Inflatable cylinders are placed within the penis to aid sexual intercourse in men with erectile dysfunction not responding to medical treatment.