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Sexual Health Services | Hauora a Toi Bay of Plenty

Public Service, Sexual Health

Candidiasis

Candidiasis, or thrush, is caused by an overgrowth of a yeast (a type of fungus) called Candida albicans. It is not caught or transferred by sexual activity.
Candidiasis can be triggered by:
• Antibiotics
• Diabetes
• Pregnancy
• Severe infections
• Hypersensitivity (allergy)
• Dermatitis or ulcers
• Scratching
• Tight clothing.

Most women however, will develop thrush without any identifiable cause.
80% of women will have thrush at some stage of their life.

Symptoms

The main symptoms are itching and irritation of the mucous membranes (lining) in the vaginal and vulval skin. There may be a thick, white vaginal discharge and discomfort with sex and when urinating. Symptoms may be worse the week before your period or made worse by having sex.
Men may notice itching and redness on the head of the penis or in the groin.

Diagnosis
Patients with vulvitis, vaginitis (inflammation of the vulva or vagina, respectively) or balanitis (redness and itching on the head of the penis) should be examined and have tests done.

Treatment
Candidiasis may be treated with an antifungal medication. Partners only need to be treated if they have symptoms.

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This page was last updated at 10:10AM on May 15, 2025.